tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31784466855060807002024-03-14T07:53:27.208+08:00OtherwherePsychoanalytic journeysDiego Busiolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13104034125720668375noreply@blogger.comBlogger96125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3178446685506080700.post-53629280068582668902024-02-14T23:58:00.001+08:002024-02-17T14:12:18.141+08:00Bertha Pappenheim and the origins of the 'talking cure'<p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGOFHngHPcpik3l6XsXFKokY8FcLUXTIGQ1QstWwpl20M7pa6kcCNY9OILPQz58E8kGV1sONwXAvSCpC0UvO-WoHF2FGBlsmT5J2mdSRNg8fU7mjkRtwHfXHcCfY1X03QY6crRm-QkwflQeput7SMqZn4dk23swh4vAVAdCcTnRV48ZINB5TuzehbL0icd/s414/220px-Pappenheim_1882.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="414" data-original-width="220" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGOFHngHPcpik3l6XsXFKokY8FcLUXTIGQ1QstWwpl20M7pa6kcCNY9OILPQz58E8kGV1sONwXAvSCpC0UvO-WoHF2FGBlsmT5J2mdSRNg8fU7mjkRtwHfXHcCfY1X03QY6crRm-QkwflQeput7SMqZn4dk23swh4vAVAdCcTnRV48ZINB5TuzehbL0icd/w213-h400/220px-Pappenheim_1882.jpg" width="213" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">Bertha Pappenheim</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Bertha Pappenheim (pictured), known as Anna O., was the first iconic patient of psychoanalysis. She was the first to call the Freudian method a “talking cure”.</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><br style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">What may seem a commonsense notion today—that simply talking through difficulties can promote healing—was truly revolutionary in Pappenheim's era in the late 1800s. The idea that carefully examining one's inner experiences through discourse could remedy extraordinary bodily afflictions was radical at a time when the mind-body connection was poorly understood. Anna O.'s case established what she termed "talking cure" as a groundbreaking treatment model that reshaped understandings of mental health.</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><br style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Anna’s story:</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><br style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Initially, she sought treatment from physician Josef Breuer, a colleague of Sigmund Freud. Anna struggled with symptoms like visual disturbances, hallucinations, partial paralysis, and speech problems. Breuer diagnosed the condition as hysteria after finding no physical cause. At the time, many believed her condition called "hysteria" was all in a woman's head.</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><br style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Through their work together from 1880-1882, Breuer realized that simply allowing Pappenheim to freely talk about her experiences and feelings seemed to relieve her symptoms. She termed this novel approach as "talking cure" or "chimney sweeping" to describe the cathartic release of openly discussing traumatic memories and inner conflicts.</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><br style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Breuer later discussed Anna O.'s successful case with his colleague Sigmund Freud, who took a strong interest. Her story became the basis for Breuer and Freud's seminal 1895 publication "Studies on Hysteria," which helped establish psychoanalysis as a psychotherapeutic method.</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><br style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">While Freud never directly treated Pappenheim, her iconic case was highly influential in shaping psychoanalytic concepts and proving the power of addressing unconscious mental life through verbal processing.</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">.</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">.</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">.</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">.</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">.</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><a class="x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz _aa9_ _a6hd" href="https://www.instagram.com/explore/tags/psychoanalysis/" role="link" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: white; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; touch-action: manipulation;" tabindex="0">#psychoanalysis</a><br style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><a class="x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz _aa9_ _a6hd" href="https://www.instagram.com/explore/tags/psychotherapy/" role="link" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: white; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; touch-action: manipulation;" tabindex="0">#psychotherapy</a><br style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><a class="x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz _aa9_ _a6hd" href="https://www.instagram.com/explore/tags/mentalhealth/" role="link" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: white; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; touch-action: manipulation;" tabindex="0">#mentalhealth</a><br style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><a class="x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz _aa9_ _a6hd" href="https://www.instagram.com/explore/tags/historyofpsychoanalysis/" role="link" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: white; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; touch-action: manipulation;" tabindex="0">#historyofpsychoanalysis</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"></span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><a class="x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz _aa9_ _a6hd" href="https://www.instagram.com/explore/tags/historyofpsychology/" role="link" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: white; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; touch-action: manipulation;" tabindex="0">#historyofpsychology</a><br /></p>Diego Busiolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13104034125720668375noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3178446685506080700.post-48252375428032739522022-02-07T00:22:00.003+08:002022-02-07T00:22:35.730+08:00La psicoanalisi a Hong Kong e nel contesto cinese<div><span style="background-color: white; color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Roboto, Noto, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Roboto, Noto, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;">In questo video presento alcune riflessioni sulla mia pratica analitica a Hong Kong, dove opero dal 2010.</span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Roboto, Noto, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #0d0d0d; font-family: Roboto, Noto, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Intervento tenuto via Zoom nell'ambito del convegno internazionale "Crisi della psicoanalisi, psicoanalisi della crisi" organizzato dalla Societa' di Psicoanalisi Critica. </span></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><iframe frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://youtube.com/embed/bzGRgZrvSPA" width="480"></iframe></div>Diego Busiolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13104034125720668375noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3178446685506080700.post-30469152804052192252021-05-31T23:33:00.002+08:002021-05-31T23:33:34.426+08:00My interview on 'toxic positivity' for the South China Morning Post<p> </p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>Recently I was interviewed for the 'South China Morning Post' about what in everyday language is called "toxic positivity": what is it, why is it toxic, how to recognize it, on what assumptions is based, and why it is important to avoid it?</p><p><br /></p><p>The interview published in the newspaper is an extract of a much longer conversation, which I publish here.</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b>1. What is toxic positivity?<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jSoEIlONu_c/YLT0LTFhJtI/AAAAAAAAlJk/WgZi6FzzYrkFMgeqf3K4duqcxSz2jnUlQCNcBGAsYHQ/s2048/jeremy-thomas-O6N9RV2rzX8-unsplash.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jSoEIlONu_c/YLT0LTFhJtI/AAAAAAAAlJk/WgZi6FzzYrkFMgeqf3K4duqcxSz2jnUlQCNcBGAsYHQ/s320/jeremy-thomas-O6N9RV2rzX8-unsplash.jpg" width="320" /></a>Toxic positivity is the need to
always be positive at any cost, even in adversity, giving no room to unpleasant
feelings such as sadness, anger, or despair. It comes partly from the idea that
if you only think of nice and positive things, you will only attract positive
people and positive things into your life, and you will feel good and be happier.
However, it is not true that positive thinking brings better results. Some
studies, as well as personal experience, have shown that those who think more
positively may sometimes achieve worse results than those who think negatively,
possibly because they tend to engage less. It might also be that anger and
disappointment enables one to be more decisive and convincing toward others.
Forced positive thinking can give the illusion that things will work out on
their own; however, if this does not happen, the disappointment will be even
greater. In fact, the paradox is that in a world that pursues the ideal of
happiness, enjoyment, and consumerism, depression and lack of desire, direction,
and purpose in life are among the most frequent symptoms.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b>2. Commons signs of toxic
positivity, and how to spot it in your daily life.<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Toxic positivity can manifest in
various forms. Something bad happens to you and someone rushes to tell you to “Be
positive” because “Everything happens for a reason” or because “It could be
worse.” Do you find yourself thinking that it is your fault if you feel sad and
that you should distract yourself and “Get over it?” These are examples of
toxic positivity. Having unpleasant emotions is not negative. Actually, we
would all be surprised if someone facing the loss of a loved one put on a big
smile instead of showing sadness. There are moments when we feel very
unpleasant emotions, and this is perfectly normal. Toxic positivity is when
someone, confronted by your pain, desperation, or sadness, quickly dismisses
your experience as though feeling bad was not admissible or there was something
wrong with you. Sadness accompanies loss, and it is a necessary condition for
the processing of mourning. That sadness must be acknowledged, expressed, and addressed.
If it is suppressed or denied, if it is not shared, if the loss is not
recognized, accepted, and processed, then it can lead to depression.<span style="background: white; color: #222222;"> Forced positive thinking is cheating
yourself. It is a form of gaslighting or self-manipulation. Unpleasant emotions
and fears are there for a reason. Ignoring them will only create more detachment
with yourself. It is not wrong to be afraid or scared of something. Your
unconscious is not stupid. You may feel something is unpleasant, uncanny, or unwanted,
but nevertheless it is there. The idea of positive thinking is based on the
idea that the world is “all around you.” Thinking that it is all in our hands
and that we can control everything that happens to us may be appealing, but it
is often not the case. In fact, this should be seen as relief, because it means
that we do not all need to be superheroes, we do not need to be perfect, and we
do not need to meet everybody’s expectations.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-k3U1MoubxIs/YLT0OoEHZZI/AAAAAAAAlJo/KAaQYbafOFQyxEpW8tVsD_1af0x3uAQowCNcBGAsYHQ/s2048/thom-masat-8kLFdQh6scA-unsplash.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1365" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-k3U1MoubxIs/YLT0OoEHZZI/AAAAAAAAlJo/KAaQYbafOFQyxEpW8tVsD_1af0x3uAQowCNcBGAsYHQ/s320/thom-masat-8kLFdQh6scA-unsplash.jpg" /></a><b>3. How might some people
benefit from a “good vibes only” approach to life, especially during the
pandemic?<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">There is the continuous search
for vibrations and excitement, as if one must always vibrate and be moving.
Modern symptoms such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
indicate this inability to simply “be,” this difficulty in finding moments to
breathe and think. There is this idea that one always has to be moving, as if
stopping would break something. Today, many cannot stand still, yet in their
constant movement, they have no direction. They go from one thing to another,
from one object to another. In an attempt to keep the disappointment out of
their lives, they do not realize that they are feeding that very feeling of
disappointment and frustration. The pandemic has disrupted the rhythm of our
lives, we cannot deny that, but it also gave us a chance to rethink what we
were doing. For some, it may have been a chance to review their goals and their
relationships. For others, caught up in the anxiety of always having to be on
the go, it was a disaster. It is also important to be able to admit these
vulnerabilities. Ultimately, the most significant connections concern our
vulnerabilities. Relationships based on being positive at all costs, smiling,
and partying are superficial. It is a way of being <i>among</i> others, but not
<i>with</i> others. There can only be something authentic, something true, when
we show the innermost side of us. The pandemic may have made us feel more
fragile, but it is the awareness of our fragility that makes us stronger.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b>4. What are some instances in
which being positive is a useful coping mechanism, and when it is not?<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">It is important to highlight that
always being positive is, at best, a coping mechanism, i.e., a response to
environmental stress. However, life is not just about solving problems or
fixing what is wrong, this is not living life, these are survival strategies.
It is not about being optimistic or pessimistic. One should not represent the
obstacle as good or bad, positive or negative. Rather, one should understand that
life does not end as a result of an obstacle, it is not insurmountable.
Instead, obstacles should be seen as an opportunity, something that pushes us
to do more, and which sets us in motion. If you are facing a fear, it means
there is something precious to take advantage of. Put in those terms, there is
no more positive or negative, good or bad. It is about maintaining a pragmatic
attitude and being open to something new. Keeping a positive outlook can help
in some cases, but it becomes toxic when it imposes itself as a stretch, as
something that closes every possible question. It is toxic when it takes away
our ability to ask (open-ended) questions about something we perceive as
important but do not understand. Because positive thinking is made up of
slogans and catchphrases that, in fact, do not allow for a reply, such as “It will be fine,” “Failure is not an
option,” and “Other people have it worse,” they close the conversation. In this
way, they do not allow for any thought and invalidate all other feelings. This
is counterproductive and harmful.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jqvVR75jOL8/YLTzx8uGc3I/AAAAAAAAlJU/JWJK4gpIF2w_hSz0Y0Z2wWAue9YUVtEqgCNcBGAsYHQ/s1920/orchids-6256963_1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="1920" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jqvVR75jOL8/YLTzx8uGc3I/AAAAAAAAlJU/JWJK4gpIF2w_hSz0Y0Z2wWAue9YUVtEqgCNcBGAsYHQ/s320/orchids-6256963_1920.jpg" width="320" /></a><b>5. Are negative emotions such
as anxiety and disappointment inherently “bad,” and why?<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">One might call anxiety and
disappointment “negative” emotions, but who says they are positive or negative?
For now, let us just say they are unpleasant emotions, it does not make them
negative. Anxiety, for example, can signal what we are afraid of, but also what
we yearn for, what makes our heart beat, and what our ambitions are. Although the
disappointment is unfortunate, it indicates that there was some expectation
there, and so it says something about us. To use a well-known idiom, we cannot
throw the baby out with the bathwater. Positive or negative is a judgment. It
means jumping to conclusions. But life does not end. How can we tell what is
good and what is bad? An unpleasant event can be an opportunity for growth, for
learning, it can be a turning point that pushes us to do new and different
things. Life happens precisely where we stop exerting control or imposing
direction. Something new can be produced there, and it seems as though it is
generally more interesting than when we make a conscious effort to make events
happen.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #222222;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: #222222;">6. Is accepting negative emotions, rather than dismissing
them, more beneficial for a person’s mental health in the long run?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="tab-stops: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #222222;">Negative emotions exist whether we want them to or not.
We can put our heads in the sand, but it is like amputating a part of
ourselves. Some of my patients have repressed parts of themselves so firmly
that they eventually do not know who they are or what they want. It is as though
they are anesthetized, numb, and they find themselves prisoners of this
absolutely positive image that they must convey at all costs. They struggle to
be authentic with themselves and with others. They make an incredible effort to
appear nice and cheerful when they are with others, then when they are alone,
they feel exhausted, lost. Drugs, substances, compulsive shopping, even food
are ways to stifle emotions. They are ways to fill the emptiness one feels
inside. But they are temporary solutions that end up feeding our fears, our
fantasies. So, the best thing we can do is try to put these fears into words,
these feelings that seem unspeakable. There is often the idea of an internal
world, a Pandora’s box, so that if one expresses their emotions they take
over.</span><span style="color: #222222;"> </span><span style="color: #222222;">Some people are afraid they might “go
crazy” if they open up. However, in my experience, I have never seen anyone go
crazy because they talk about what they feel inside. Instead, opening up allows
us to get to know ourselves better, discover how we function, get in touch with
our emotions, and understand what drives us in life.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #222222;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-daBKFdd-9rs/YLT0HX_1jyI/AAAAAAAAlJg/RAegVVAlkacP_T-24AowjUGoNzEnRtuawCNcBGAsYHQ/s2048/jason-leung-MN251xZ9mBk-unsplash.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1365" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-daBKFdd-9rs/YLT0HX_1jyI/AAAAAAAAlJg/RAegVVAlkacP_T-24AowjUGoNzEnRtuawCNcBGAsYHQ/s320/jason-leung-MN251xZ9mBk-unsplash.jpg" /></a><b><span style="color: #222222;">7. Why might toxic positivity be counterproductive and
harmful to our mental health?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #222222;">Many people repress parts of themselves, which they
imagine to be negative, wrong, or shameful, in order to be accepted by others.
But how can you expect others to accept you if you do not first accept
yourself? Modern society pushes us to be functional, productive, and always
happy. There is this idea that (negative) emotions are a hindrance and can make
one less productive. I see so many people who, in order to perform, reject
parts of themselves that they perceive as bad, not positive, or wrong. To the
point where they do not know who they are, what they want, or where are they
going. Repressing painful emotions may work for a period of time, but sooner or
later they will come out even more strongly and unpleasant. You will probably
live life feeling ashamed, observed, and judged, until the day you decide to
deal with it. Many adult patients I see complain that they have waited so many
years to take care of themselves and their emotions. You do not want to have the
same regrets. Anxiety and depression are two main symptoms nowadays. In
particular, the pandemic has triggered so many anxieties in many people. There
is a fear of contagion (the virus), but also a feeling of being disconnected
because of the restrictions. Now more than ever, it is important to prioritize
your emotions without having to be positive at all costs. Interestingly, forced
positive thinking drives people to become cynical, absolute, verbose, and to
fight against everyone and everything. It is time to be gentler with yourself
and others.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #222222;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: #222222;">8. If toxic positivity is counterproductive, is tragic
optimism/emotional acceptance a better way for us to cope with our feelings? <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="tab-stops: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #222222;">It is not simply a matter of “accepting how you are.” It
is not about “surrendering” to your limitations. Quite the opposite. It is a
matter of not representing oneself at all, either as a failure or as a hero,
either as inferior or superior. Emotions and affections are a result of
thoughts and words of which we are not always aware. Emotions can change, they
can transform, but first they must be recognized, they must also be able to be
said. Only then can we make something of it. That is what we normally do in
psychoanalysis. However, writers, artists, and musicians also start from their
experiences and inner worlds to produce their works. Much of literature,
poetry, and music is about ended or unrequited love, loss, despair, and painful
moments. Beautiful pages have been written about dramatic moments, characters,
and emotions that are anything but “positive;” for example, the recent movie
Joker, which was a huge success. However, by putting these painful emotions
into words, we can do something with them, we can transform them until they are
less scary. Often, the act of expressing this less pleasant part of oneself
brings about extraordinary results that can be highly artistic, transformative
both for the audience and artist. Most art, literature, music, and film are
representations of this “dark side,” these negative emotions. Imagine if
Shakespeare had not put his own inner turmoil down on paper. Imagine if a
friend had just said to him, “Happiness is a choice, so choose to be happy.” Or
imagine if Van Gogh, instead of putting his anxieties on canvas, had had a friend
tell him, “Just look on the bright side.” We would never have had their
masterpieces, and Shakespeare and Van Gogh would have lived mediocre and
conventional lives.</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qGX9I1EFCtQ/YLT0QRAXAxI/AAAAAAAAlJs/T22PwPVfFo82-zLJFIG888TYCQIpGfshgCNcBGAsYHQ/s2048/xiaoxiao-sun-e8e4YY65sOk-unsplash.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qGX9I1EFCtQ/YLT0QRAXAxI/AAAAAAAAlJs/T22PwPVfFo82-zLJFIG888TYCQIpGfshgCNcBGAsYHQ/s320/xiaoxiao-sun-e8e4YY65sOk-unsplash.jpg" /></a><b><span style="color: #222222;">9. Tips for avoiding toxic positivity or helping a friend
who is prone to it.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #222222;">There may be parts of us that we do not
like because they go against our ideals and principles. However, little by
little we can try to get in touch with these parts. There is no point standing
in front of a mirror and telling yourself “I am a wonderful person.” It is
probably not true, at least not all the time. The parts we like the least are
still an important part of us. Fear, for example, makes us more alert,
disappointment puts us in touch with those who have failed or who struggle. It
is not about rejecting unpleasant emotions. It is about not indulging in
arguments, discussions, and quarrels. It is important to surround yourself with
interlocutors with whom you can talk, open up, and say what you feel. If you
have the right interlocutor, someone who does not judge and who does not give
easy answers, then it is possible to talk about unpleasant, painful, and hurtful
emotions. You might want to talk to a psychoanalyst who </span><span style="color: #222222;">can listen and
remain non-judgmental, and who should be able to help, while also ensuring
privacy.</span><span style="color: #222222;"> I listen to people who are
desperate or angry, and in the midst of their excited stories, with the
activation of emotions and corporeality, sparks of authenticity and stifled
vitality are produced. Emotions that are once drawn out take their natural
course. In anger there is vitality, and in sadness there is reflection. “Positive”
emotions come from getting in touch with your “negative” parts. Compassion and
respect for others can happen if we first make contact with our less beautiful
parts. We can listen to and welcome others if first we listen to the Other (the
unconscious) that is within us.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;">Freud
said that it is</span><span style="color: #222222; text-align: left;"> important to be honest with yourself. What you feel, even
unpleasant feelings, is part of you and can become an opportunity for
self-discovery, growth, and learning. It can be a turning point for doing new
things for the better.</span></p><p></p>
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Diego Busiolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13104034125720668375noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3178446685506080700.post-58873464433183142092019-04-18T23:42:00.000+08:002019-04-18T23:51:09.440+08:00Psychoanalysis is no theory of communication - (video 1/8)<div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #0a0a0a; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">The practice of psychoanalysis subverts the traditional schema of the theory of communication. Then, who is speaking? And how to listen in psychoanalysis?
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #0a0a0a; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">An excerpt from my speech on "Ambiguity, Misunderstanding, and Listening in Psychoanalysis" - at the 'Lighthouse Psychological Wellbeing Centre', Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia, 6 April 2019.
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<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3a-l8vR0I4Q&t=31s">Psychoanalysis is no theory of communication - (video 1/8)</a><br />
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Diego Busiolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13104034125720668375noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3178446685506080700.post-33893094714260607512017-09-24T15:34:00.001+08:002017-09-24T22:47:40.067+08:00Interview for HK01.com Part 2<br />
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This is the second part of the interview for HK01.com<br />
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click <a href="https://philosophy.hk01.com/channel/%E8%81%9A%E5%85%89%E7%87%88/121012/Diego%20Busiol%E8%A8%AA%E8%AB%87%EF%BC%88%E4%BA%8C%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%9A%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E7%9A%84%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82%EF%BC%8C%E5%9C%A8%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%A7%E7%BE%A9%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%95%E9%96%8B">here</a> for the video<br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LNmsbap_aBo/WcfFKaJ5yoI/AAAAAAAAagk/2Q-3pYHMl30KWhvbcIJGNBHhCT3WMJYJQCLcBGAs/s1600/d1e7fecd0cc0331c96de5f55d7ef9c0d.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="360" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LNmsbap_aBo/WcfFKaJ5yoI/AAAAAAAAagk/2Q-3pYHMl30KWhvbcIJGNBHhCT3WMJYJQCLcBGAs/s640/d1e7fecd0cc0331c96de5f55d7ef9c0d.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
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<br />Diego Busiolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13104034125720668375noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3178446685506080700.post-67122459909469801992017-09-21T23:11:00.001+08:002017-09-24T22:48:11.457+08:00Interview for HK01.com Part 1<br />
I am very thankful to HK01.com for having me<br />
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Not only they invited me for an interview, but they also did a terrific job with the editing<br />
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Click <a href="https://philosophy.hk01.com/channel/%E8%81%9A%E5%85%89%E7%87%88/120808/Diego%20Busiol%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%80%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%9A%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%82%BA%E4%BB%80%E9%BA%BC%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%EF%BC%9F">here</a> for the first part of the interview<br />
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<br />Diego Busiolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13104034125720668375noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3178446685506080700.post-17087712957413913412017-09-21T00:12:00.001+08:002017-09-21T00:12:21.819+08:00Save the day :-D Coming Wednesday 27 September, 4,30-6,20pm I am waiting you all, at Hong Kong University for talking about psychoanalysis in Hong Kong, and more. It's opened to everyone, come!<img src='https://scontent.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t31.0-8/s720x720/21762494_1238784796225942_8533800898141167677_o.jpg?oh=2d09fafe241cb165e2e9e1134e7eedf5&oe=5A408B8E' style='max-width:586px;' /><br />
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Diego Busiolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13104034125720668375noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3178446685506080700.post-38319487529306886962017-05-30T11:49:00.001+08:002017-05-30T11:49:25.949+08:00What is the gaining behind complaining? We are in a golden age of complaining. And I am fascinated by the passion, the enjoyment, even the necessity to complain that some people display; so much, that it is for them difficult to abandon this position. Complain (we should try to distinguish it from moaning, grievance, whining, etc.) is far from being just an expression of frustration, or lack. It unveils a desire, and a particular relation with the Other.<img src='https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2012/5/30/1338402944973/This-KFC-ad-will-encourag-008.jpg?w=1200&h=630&q=55&auto=format&usm=12&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Centropy&bm=normal&ba=bottom%2Cleft&blend64=aHR0cHM6Ly91cGxvYWRzLmd1aW0uY28udWsvMjAxNi8wNS8yNS9vdmVybGF5LWxvZ28tMTIwMC05MF9vcHQucG5n&s=e370948a5ff852560ffd7ee963175dd8' style='max-width:586px;' /><br />
Diego Busiolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13104034125720668375noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3178446685506080700.post-34425449476428801472017-02-06T11:31:00.001+08:002017-02-06T11:31:56.765+08:00a few weeks ago I gave a speech at the conference on Psychoanalysis and Spirituality in Contemporary World, in Baptist University of Hong Kong. I spoke about the voice and the spirit. here's the video<img src='https://i.ytimg.com/vi/zNHXTbC8syw/maxresdefault.jpg' style='max-width:586px;' /><br />
Diego Busiolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13104034125720668375noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3178446685506080700.post-6500836026286436102017-01-17T12:11:00.003+08:002017-01-17T12:11:39.436+08:00<img src='https://scontent.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t31.0-8/s720x720/15972547_1022714807832943_4700140695709927375_o.jpg?oh=03111e2c2ceab2ff23575fd9026d5925&oe=590F2724' style='max-width:586px;' /><br />
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Diego Busiolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13104034125720668375noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3178446685506080700.post-56500487655043317372017-01-17T12:11:00.001+08:002017-01-17T12:11:38.863+08:00<img src='https://scontent.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t31.0-8/s720x720/15972637_1022714804499610_8024711957553102620_o.jpg?oh=3074c7b1310bf358b6555c4eb1f5083b&oe=590AE73E' style='max-width:586px;' /><br />
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Diego Busiolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13104034125720668375noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3178446685506080700.post-33043218265881716742016-10-22T08:45:00.001+08:002016-10-22T08:45:19.182+08:00Some analysands persistently ask "how can I change?", or "how to change?". This is understandable; however, representing the change is a way for eluding the analysis. Likely, the change is imagined as the substitution of a belief/behavior with another (more functional?) belief/behavior. But this has nothing to do with psychoanalysis. Instead, the very idea of change, or improvement, or substitution are feeding the loop, the repetition. If the fantasy (or the phantasme) is not analyzed, the change is just an acting out. The analysis instead allows to loose or to lose some belief, and to listen to the ambiguity of the speech rather than acting (out).<img src='https://scontent.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-9/s720x720/14642426_943194905784934_3652580180234687818_n.jpg?oh=d3dabdef8b378870c8c7128861dff246&oe=589F3F7B' style='max-width:586px;' /><br />
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Diego Busiolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13104034125720668375noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3178446685506080700.post-11835866447471918842016-10-18T11:43:00.001+08:002016-10-18T11:43:22.757+08:00thinking about castration. I find interesting how the super heroes are normally represented without genitals, although they are actually "non-castrated" characters. They are non-castrated and then they have no fears. Indeed, it is only when they accept the castration that they can become human.<img src='https://scontent.xx.fbcdn.net/t31.0-8/s851x315/14615718_940081389429619_7981868656122149750_o.jpg' style='max-width:586px;' /><br />
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Diego Busiolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13104034125720668375noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3178446685506080700.post-29226525392428179232016-10-17T08:45:00.001+08:002016-10-17T08:45:49.552+08:00The day has come! And I am happy to say that my book is finally printed (and available on Amazon). Psychoanalysis in Hong Kong<img src='https://scontent.xx.fbcdn.net/t31.0-8/s720x720/14692015_939280976176327_5788445568951929687_o.jpg' style='max-width:586px;' /><br />
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Diego Busiolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13104034125720668375noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3178446685506080700.post-4161082726337488502016-10-16T09:45:00.001+08:002016-10-16T09:45:20.063+08:00Superheroes are normally depicted as characters who can do anything. Actually, they can do almost nothing: they do not rest, laugh, have sex and/or tell a joke. They do not age and/or retire, and of course do not die. There may be many changes in their story, but finally all remains the same, there is no advancement in their life. They are superheroes because have defeated the unconscious.<img src='https://scontent.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-9/14642095_938563146248110_5600515044841861158_n.jpg?oh=e89bdf35f25f32a7472a202face58362&oe=586527EF' style='max-width:586px;' /><br />
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Diego Busiolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13104034125720668375noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3178446685506080700.post-71459964224333573562016-10-15T09:45:00.001+08:002016-10-15T09:45:23.541+08:00in the #obsessive discourse, the head is fought at least as much as it is needed. And being needed, it is experienced as a persecutor<img src='https://scontent.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-9/14724368_937803142990777_4343037828085174222_n.jpg?oh=ea935f9661639e76ee6690a68c3a5f1d&oe=58A72B2A' style='max-width:586px;' /><br />
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Diego Busiolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13104034125720668375noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3178446685506080700.post-90301914863659332262016-10-14T09:45:00.001+08:002016-10-14T09:45:15.760+08:00#hysteric discourse grounds on a 'mastery's fantasme' that would be best achieved by mastering the master<img src='https://scontent.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-9/14595546_937001879737570_8876729809535087492_n.jpg?oh=9aacbc8433ca1d72db406896eebb5d1b&oe=589B1052' style='max-width:586px;' /><br />
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Diego Busiolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13104034125720668375noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3178446685506080700.post-63732672759239857362016-10-13T09:45:00.001+08:002016-10-13T09:45:17.305+08:00hysteric and obsessive discourses need a boss, head or master. Without a master (whom they blame) they would be lost<img src='https://scontent.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-9/14716165_936106153160476_6847427234872052881_n.jpg?oh=8c7aa25314ef6073b139db35c7aeac9e&oe=58AA63D2' style='max-width:586px;' /><br />
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Diego Busiolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13104034125720668375noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3178446685506080700.post-32057009114291590652016-10-12T09:45:00.001+08:002016-10-12T09:45:22.253+08:00When a person or a company face a #paralysis it is because something of the (unconscious) fantasm has not been analyzed. Over-thinking is just another name of the paralysis. Paralysis and over-thinking are the two sides of the same coin; in both cases there is a lack of analysis.<img src='https://scontent.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-9/14725748_935303496574075_492308883971281074_n.jpg?oh=0c2259b19d35b8ee8da149e79488e8c5&oe=5871269D' style='max-width:586px;' /><br />
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Diego Busiolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13104034125720668375noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3178446685506080700.post-60852042656908682912016-10-08T09:45:00.001+08:002016-10-08T09:45:44.396+08:00#Seriousness is the sign of an effort; the effort to repress the #unconscious, the equivocal, the ambiguity, the misunderstanding<img src='https://scontent.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-9/s720x720/14572860_932253113545780_4326903469481641921_n.jpg?oh=9e0f9bc125085c066109a1858cce629f&oe=58641087' style='max-width:586px;' /><br />
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Diego Busiolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13104034125720668375noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3178446685506080700.post-83695706012369723342016-10-07T09:45:00.001+08:002016-10-07T09:45:24.742+08:00dis-appoint: "dispossess of appointed office". The hysteric is seldom disappointed for feeling disappointed<img src='http://print24.com/de/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/animation20-x.gif?utm_content=buffer1591f&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_campaign=buffer' style='max-width:586px;' /><br />
Diego Busiolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13104034125720668375noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3178446685506080700.post-52026386428585992392016-10-06T09:45:00.001+08:002016-10-06T09:45:19.985+08:00The neurotic discourse shows as real, unambiguous and serious. It expresses clear and earnest thoughts. It concerns important topics. It is based on meaning or sense. Unsurprisingly, it is tedious, weighty and grave. The neurotic symptom indicates the impossible of such seriousness; it indicates something that is being repressed, something that is being unheard. Thus, the interpretation should not be clear and grave. Instead, it should insist on the misunderstanding; it should point out the equivocal of the signifier. Interpretation should aim at the irony and lightness.<img src='https://scontent.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-9/14523010_930941530343605_8769983505146215866_n.jpg?oh=371559bc1f0416152465e55bc2302ebc&oe=586E8359' style='max-width:586px;' /><br />
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Diego Busiolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13104034125720668375noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3178446685506080700.post-75707502383474810102016-10-05T09:45:00.001+08:002016-10-05T09:45:14.681+08:00Disappointment is a rhetorical figure of the hysteric discourse. In a way, we could say that the hysteric never fails to be disappointed.<img src='https://scontent.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-9/14568185_930198413751250_308084883691615413_n.jpg?oh=85421aff8f3b17f103f90f5dedf9c940&oe=5870B1AF' style='max-width:586px;' /><br />
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Diego Busiolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13104034125720668375noreply@blogger.com0